Development of a Mission-Oriented Performance Management Model in the Digital Transformation Context: A Hybrid Approach Based on Literature Synthesis and Fuzzy Delphi

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD student, Department of Management and Economics, SR.C.,Islamic Azad University,Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor of Public Administration Department, Faculty of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Professor of Industrial Management Department, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract
This research employs a mixed exploratory design, focusing on two complementary methods: literature synthesis and fuzzy Delphi. In the first phase, the seven-stage Sandelowski and Baruss (2007) model was utilized to extract an initial pattern of mission-oriented performance management. A systematic literature review identified 371 studies, narrowing down to 34 for final analysis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative analysis of these sources yielded 237 conceptual codes, eventually organized into 17 components and 51 indicators as the initial conceptual framework of the study.
In the second phase, to refine the model and achieve expert consensus, the fuzzy Delphi method was employed. The expert panel consisted of 15 university and professional specialists in performance management and the oil industry, selected through targeted sampling. The Delphi questionnaire was administered in three rounds. Expert linguistic assessments were converted into triangular fuzzy numbers, aggregated, and defuzzified. Indicators with scores below the predefined threshold were eliminated or modified. The Kendall coefficient of concordance was calculated to measure the agreement among experts. After three rounds, a stable consensus was reached on the model's dimensions, components, and indicators, solidifying the final mission-oriented performance management model.

Keywords

Subjects

Al Feghali, S. D., & Jacques, P. H. (2026). Harnessing collective intelligence for public sector innovation: Mission-oriented innovation in action. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 26(1), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.21818/001c.159845
Ayres, S., Newman, J., Sandford, M., Barnfield, A., & Bates, G. (2025). How democratically elected mayors can achieve mission-oriented policies in turbulent times. Regional Studies, 59(1), Article 2472014. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2025.2472014
Bahr-al-Olum, H., Ghasemi, R., & Moradi, S. (2025). Integrating DEA and the Malmquist index for mission-oriented performance evaluation in logistics companies. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 12(3), 101–120. [In Persian]
Ekaristi, C. Y. D., Rohman, A., & Utomo, D. C. (2025). Reframing performance measurement in hybrid organizations: A systematic review and framework for context-sensitive evaluation. Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 4513–4535. https://doi.org/10.64753/jcasc.v10i2.2302
Frangenheim, A., Schneider, M. L., Fischer, C., Waiblinger, S., Hörtenhuber, S., Radinger-Peer, V., & Penker, M. (2025). Mission-oriented agrifood innovation systems in the making: A transdisciplinary approach to identify context-specific drivers of change. Sustainability Science, 20(6), 2265–2280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-025-01719-2
Habibi, A., Sarafrazi, A., & Izadyar, S. (2014). Delphi technique: Theoretical framework in qualitative research. International Journal of Engineering and Science, 4(3), 8–13. [In Persian]
Katashvili, A., & Gorelova, I. (2025). Mission-driven strategies in private healthcare: Catalyzing corporate innovation and shaping ecosystem leadership. [Incomplete source information]
Mazzucato, M. (2018). Mission-oriented innovation policies: Challenges and opportunities. Industrial and Corporate Change, 27(5), 803–815. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dty034
Mazzucato, M. (2025). Directing growth: How a mission-oriented industrial strategy can help drive productivity. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003428374-24
Mazzucato, M., & Doyle, S. (2025). A mission-oriented approach to school meals: An opportunity for cross-departmental and multi-sector industrial strategy.
McLaren, J., & Kattel, R. (2025). Policy capacities for mission-oriented innovation policy: A case study of UKRI and the Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 214, 124049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124049
Misrahayu, Y., Witraguna, K. Y., Nitiasih, P. K., Riastini, P. N., & Herawati, N. T. (2026). Strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of educational institutions in the era of globalization through a strategic management approach. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Holistik (JIPH), 5(2), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.55927/jiph.v5i2.9
OECD. (2023). Bridging the gap between development goals and organizational performance: Mission-oriented evaluation in developing countries. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264317071-en
Oyamada, K., & Arimoto, T. (2025). Mission-oriented innovation policy for transformative innovation in Japan: Historical development and lessons from the case of automated driving. In Transformative mission-oriented innovation policies (pp. 198–218). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803929521.00017
Pamplona, L., Lins, M. E., & Xavier, A. (2026). Mission-oriented sustainable innovation ecosystems as complex systems: Lessons from the Amazon bioeconomy. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 17, 101061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2026.101061
Pasha, O., & Jacobson, W. (2023). Municipal performance management during the COVID pandemic. Public Policy and Administration. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767221141166
Pill, J. (1971). The Delphi method: Substance, context, a critique and an annotated bibliography. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 5(4), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(71)90018-2
Robert, M. J. J. (2025). Steering AI-enabled transformation: Aligning mission-oriented policy, dynamic capabilities, and business model innovation. [Incomplete source information]. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6568658
Robinson, D. K., Matt, M., & van Dis, R. (2025). Programming missions: Steering a mission-oriented research programme through the production and use of strategic intelligence. In Transformative mission-oriented innovation policies (pp. 350–369). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803929521.00026
Salvi, A., & Spagnoletti, P. (2022). Digital-enabled mission command and control systems in military operations. In Organizing in a digitized world: Individual, managerial and societal issues (pp. 204–215). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86858-1_12
Santos, R., & Mazzucato, M. (2025). Innovation and policy design for mission-oriented performance management. Journal of Business Management, 37(2), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBM-05-2020-0195
Schandl, H., Boxall, N. J., MacMillan, C., Porter, N., Terhorst, A., Kong, T., … Ambrose, M. (2025). Mission-oriented research and theory of change: Driving Australia’s transition to a circular economy. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 5(2), 837–850. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-024-00460-9
Shahmehr, F., Safari, N., Jamshidi, M. J., & Yaghoobi, N.-M. (2014). Impact of performance management on mission alignment in hospitals. Health Services Management Research, 27(2), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951484814527452
Shahmehr, F., Safari, N., Jamshidi, M. J., & Yaghoobi, N.-M. (2015). The impact of performance management on mission statement and operational goal setting. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(11), 189–199. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v9n11p189
Shah-Mehr, F., Safari, N., Jamshidi, M.-J., & Yaghoubi, N.-M. (2014). The effect of performance management on mission alignment in hospitals. Health Services Management Research, 27, 70–77. [In Persian]
Sheikh, M. (2023). Human resource performance management with a resistance economy approach in Iranian organizations. Journal of Human Resource Development Studies, 14(1), 55–72. [In Persian]
Sheikh, M. (2023). Human resource performance management with a resilient economy approach in Iranian organizations. Journal of Human Resource Development Studies, 14(1), 55–72.
Sikora, T., & Arna, M. (2022). Mission-driven performance management and organizational sustainability. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 43(5), 678–695. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2721
Tavakoli, M., & Safavi, A. (2022). Current challenges in performance evaluation systems in Iran’s oil sector. Journal of Petroleum Management, 11(1), 25–40.
Tok, E. (2023). Mission-oriented innovation policy for sustainable development: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 15(17), 13101. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713101
Villamil, R. M., Restrepo-Carmona, J. A., Escobar, A., Aponte-Moreno, A., Herrera, J. A., Gutiérrez-Betancur, S. A., & Fletscher, L. (2025). An enterprise architecture-driven service integration model for enhancing fiscal oversight in supreme audit institutions. Applied System Innovation, 9(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi9010016
Wittmann, F., Hufnagl, M., Roth, F., Yorulmaz, M., Lindner, R., & Daimer, S. (2025). From formulation to implementation: Conceptualizing mission-oriented policies as multi-stage translation processes. In Transformative mission-oriented innovation policies (pp. 36–52). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803929521.00009
Yan, N., & Zhao, X. (2020). A scheme of performance management designed for oil companies’ drilling project. Natural Gas Technology and Economy, 14(4), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-1132.2020.04.011
Zhao, J., Wang, R., Jing, Y., Wang, Y., Pan, C., & Tong, Y. (2026). Multi-phase demand modeling and simulation of mission-oriented supply chains using digital twin and adaptive PSO. Processes, 14(3), 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14030468

  • Receive Date 20 December 2025
  • Revise Date 15 February 2026
  • Accept Date 28 February 2026